- CG (Computer Generated): Visual effects, 3D modeling, 2D Adobe animation, photoshop, motion capture. Anything that uses software on a computer to be created. CG was actually first included in a movie in the 20th century, in Westworld (1973). Although the first fully CG animated movie was Toy Story, movies before such as Westworld and Tron, one of the inspirations for Toy Story's bold animation movement, had combined live action with animation.
- VR (Virtual Reality): Oculus, Omni, arcade games, Nintendo virtual boy. Immersive technology that separates the user from real life inside a fake reality. SEGA attempted to create their own virtual reality headset however failed to complete it, and so their rival, Nintendo created the Virtual Boy. The knowledge about the technology was not advanced enough at the time, and so the picture quality was limited to polygons and the hue of the screen was entirely red. It was also very difficult to wear for long periods of time due to the movement in the video games themselves.
- AR (Augmented Reality): Pokemon Go, Nintendo AR cards, IG filters. Using cameras to add virtual objects in to the real world like an overlay. Not interactive but it can react to movement of the camera, such as instagram filters using a framework of a person's face which moves as the face moves. In 1993 Mike Abernathy was the leader engineer in the first AR video overlay. From this he was able to pioneer the creation of the Landform (1995) inside his company Rapid Imaging Software, which was used in a helicopter flight test in 1999. He went on to do further work for NASA in the 21st Century.
- MR (Mixed Reality): Similar to AR but this allows the user to interact with the virtual objects, such as grabbing it and moving it - for instance, Iron Man moving Jarvis' holograms or headsets that also use controllers to follow the users hand movement. Virtual Fixtures, created for the US Air Force was the first immersive example of full functional AR technology. This enveloped the user with sound, visuals,and touch using human motion. This was created by Armstrong Laboratories in 1992.
- AM (Additive Manufacturing): Often referred to as 3D printing. This is used in animation to print character faces for puppets in a stop motion - as often shown in additional scenes of Laika movies such as Kubo. The concept of 3D printing was first thought up in 1974, proven by an article in the Ariadne written by David H.E.Jones. This was made reality in 1981 by hardening photographs to create 3D models made of plastic.
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